World Political Cleavages
And Inequality Database
Resources and downloads
Main
Table of contents and list of figures and tables pdf
Main figures and tables (color) pdf zip
Main figures and tables (black and white) pdf zip
All figures and tables zip
Complete dataset - Indicators on the structure of the vote by party zip
Complete dataset - Microdata and computer codes used to create the WPID zip
By chapter
All
All
Chapter 01 : Synthesis
Chapter 02 : France, United States, United Kingdom
Chapter 03 : Germany
Chapter 04 : Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland
Chapter 05 : Australia, New Zealand, Canada
Chapter 06 : Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland
Chapter 07 : Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria
Chapter 08 : Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
Chapter 09 : India
Chapter 10 : Pakistan
Chapter 11 : Japan
Chapter 12 : Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia
Chapter 13 : South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong
Chapter 14 : Brazil
Chapter 15 : Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
Chapter 16 : South Africa
Chapter 17 : Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal
Chapter 18 : Israel
Chapter 19 : Algeria, Iraq, Turkey
Chapter 01 : Synthesis
Main figures and tables pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables pdf xlsx
Chapter 02 : France, United States, United Kingdom
Main figures and tables
France, United States, United Kingdom
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Appendix figures and tables
France, United States, United Kingdom
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Chapter 03 : Germany
Main figures and tables
Germany
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Appendix figures and tables
Germany
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Chapter 04 : Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland
Main figures and tables
Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland
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Appendix figures and tables
Norway
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Appendix figures and tables
Denmark
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Appendix figures and tables
Sweden
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Appendix figures and tables
Finland
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Appendix figures and tables
Iceland
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Chapter 05 : Australia, New Zealand, Canada
Main figures and tables
Australia, New Zealand, Canada
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Appendix figures and tables
Australia
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Appendix figures and tables
New Zealand
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Appendix figures and tables
Canada
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Chapter 06 : Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland
Main figures and tables
Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland
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Appendix figures and tables
Italy
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Appendix figures and tables
Spain
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Appendix figures and tables
Portugal
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Appendix figures and tables
Ireland
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Chapter 07 : Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria
Main figures and tables
Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria
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Appendix figures and tables
Belgium
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Appendix figures and tables
Netherlands
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Appendix figures and tables
Switzerland
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Appendix figures and tables
Austria
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Chapter 08 : Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
Main figures and tables
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
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Appendix figures and tables
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
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Chapter 09 : India
Main figures and tables
India
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Appendix figures and tables
India
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Chapter 10 : Pakistan
Main figures and tables
Pakistan
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Appendix figures and tables
Pakistan
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Chapter 11 : Japan
Main figures and tables
Japan
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Appendix figures and tables
Japan
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Chapter 12 : Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia
Main figures and tables
Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia
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Appendix figures and tables
Thailand
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Appendix figures and tables
Philippines
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Appendix figures and tables
Malaysia
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Appendix figures and tables
Indonesia
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Chapter 13 : South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong
Main figures and tables
South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong
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Appendix figures and tables
South Korea
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Appendix figures and tables
Taiwan
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Appendix figures and tables
Hong Kong
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Chapter 14 : Brazil
Main figures and tables
Brazil
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Appendix figures and tables
Brazil
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Chapter 15 : Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
Main figures and tables
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
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Appendix figures and tables
Argentina
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Appendix figures and tables
Chile
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Appendix figures and tables
Colombia
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Appendix figures and tables
Costa Rica
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Appendix figures and tables
Mexico
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Appendix figures and tables
Peru
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Chapter 16 : South Africa
Main figures and tables
South Africa
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Appendix figures and tables
South Africa
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Chapter 17 : Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal
Main figures and tables
Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal
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Appendix figures and tables
Botswana
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Appendix figures and tables
Ghana
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Appendix figures and tables
Nigeria
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Appendix figures and tables
Senegal
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Chapter 18 : Israel
Main figures and tables
Israel
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Appendix figures and tables
Israel
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Chapter 19 : Algeria, Iraq, Turkey
Main figures and tables
Algeria, Iraq, Turkey
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Appendix figures and tables
Algeria
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Appendix figures and tables
Iraq
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Appendix figures and tables
Turkey
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By country
Algeria
Main figures and tables
Algeria, Iraq, Turkey
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Appendix figures and tables
Algeria
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Argentina
Main figures and tables
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
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Appendix figures and tables
Argentina
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Australia
Main figures and tables
Australia, New Zealand, Canada
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Appendix figures and tables
Australia
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Austria
Main figures and tables
Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria
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Appendix figures and tables
Austria
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Belgium
Main figures and tables
Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria
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Appendix figures and tables
Belgium
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Botswana
Main figures and tables
Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal
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Appendix figures and tables
Botswana
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Brazil
Main figures and tables
Brazil
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Appendix figures and tables
Brazil
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Canada
Main figures and tables
Australia, New Zealand, Canada
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Appendix figures and tables
Canada
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Chile
Main figures and tables
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
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Appendix figures and tables
Chile
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Colombia
Main figures and tables
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
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Appendix figures and tables
Colombia
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Costa Rica
Main figures and tables
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
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Appendix figures and tables
Costa Rica
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Czech Republic
Main figures and tables
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
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Appendix figures and tables
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
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Denmark
Main figures and tables
Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland
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Appendix figures and tables
Denmark
pdf xlsx
Finland
Main figures and tables
Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland
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Appendix figures and tables
Finland
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France
Main figures and tables
France, United States, United Kingdom
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Appendix figures and tables
France, United States, United Kingdom
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Germany
Main figures and tables
Germany
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Appendix figures and tables
Germany
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Ghana
Main figures and tables
Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal
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Appendix figures and tables
Ghana
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Hong Kong
Main figures and tables
South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong
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Appendix figures and tables
Hong Kong
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Hungary
Main figures and tables
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
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Appendix figures and tables
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
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Iceland
Main figures and tables
Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Iceland
pdf xlsx
India
Main figures and tables
India
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Appendix figures and tables
India
pdf xlsx
Indonesia
Main figures and tables
Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Indonesia
pdf xlsx
Iraq
Main figures and tables
Algeria, Iraq, Turkey
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Iraq
pdf xlsx
Ireland
Main figures and tables
Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland
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Appendix figures and tables
Ireland
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Israel
Main figures and tables
Israel
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Appendix figures and tables
Israel
pdf xlsx
Italy
Main figures and tables
Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland
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Appendix figures and tables
Italy
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Japan
Main figures and tables
Japan
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Appendix figures and tables
Japan
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Luxembourg
Appendix figures and tables
Luxembourg
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Malaysia
Main figures and tables
Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia
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Appendix figures and tables
Malaysia
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Mexico
Main figures and tables
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
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Appendix figures and tables
Mexico
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Netherlands
Main figures and tables
Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria
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Appendix figures and tables
Netherlands
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New Zealand
Main figures and tables
Australia, New Zealand, Canada
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
New Zealand
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Nigeria
Main figures and tables
Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Nigeria
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Norway
Main figures and tables
Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Norway
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Pakistan
Main figures and tables
Pakistan
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Pakistan
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Peru
Main figures and tables
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Peru
pdf xlsx
Philippines
Main figures and tables
Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Philippines
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Poland
Main figures and tables
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
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Appendix figures and tables
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
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Portugal
Main figures and tables
Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland
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Appendix figures and tables
Portugal
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Senegal
Main figures and tables
Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Senegal
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South Africa
Main figures and tables
South Africa
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Appendix figures and tables
South Africa
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South Korea
Main figures and tables
South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong
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Appendix figures and tables
South Korea
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Spain
Main figures and tables
Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland
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Appendix figures and tables
Spain
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Sweden
Main figures and tables
Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Sweden
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Switzerland
Main figures and tables
Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Switzerland
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Taiwan
Main figures and tables
South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Taiwan
pdf xlsx
Thailand
Main figures and tables
Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia
pdf xlsx
Appendix figures and tables
Thailand
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Turkey
Main figures and tables
Algeria, Iraq, Turkey
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Appendix figures and tables
Turkey
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United Kingdom
Main figures and tables
France, United States, United Kingdom
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Appendix figures and tables
France, United States, United Kingdom
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United States
Main figures and tables
France, United States, United Kingdom
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Appendix figures and tables
France, United States, United Kingdom
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Working papers
Brahmin Left versus Merchant Right: Changing Political Cleavages in 21 Western Democracies, 1948-2020
A. Gethin, C. Martínez-Toledano, T. Piketty
URL
Sociodemographic Inequalities and Political Cleavages: An Investigation of Recent Elections, Nativist Movements, and Individual-Level Voting Shifts
A. Lonsdale
URL
Brahmin Left vs Merchant Right: Rising Inequality & the Changing Structure of Political Conflict (Evidence from France, Britain and the US, 1948-2017)
T. Piketty
URL
Electoral Cleavages and Socioeconomic Inequality in Germany 1949-2017
F. Kosse, T. Piketty
URL
Changing Party Systems, Socio-Economic Cleavages, and Nationalism in Northern Europe, 1956-2017
C. Martínez-Toledano, A. Sodano
URL
Changing Party Systems, Socio-Economic Cleavages, and Nationalism in Northern Europe, 1956-2017 (APPENDIX)
C. Martínez-Toledano, A. Sodano
URL
Political Cleavages, Class Structures, and the Politics of Old and New Minorities in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, 1963-2019
A. Gethin
URL
Historical Political Cleavages and Post-Crisis Transformations in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Ireland, 1953-2020
L. Bauluz, A. Gethin, C. Martínez-Toledano, M. Morgan
URL
Historical Political Cleavages and Post-Crisis Transformations in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Ireland, 1953-2020 (APPENDIX)
L. Bauluz, A. Gethin, C. Martínez-Toledano, M. Morgan
URL
Party System Transformation and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, 1967-2019
C. Durrer de la Sota, A. Gethin, C. Martínez-Toledano
URL
Party System Transformation and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, 1967-2019 (APPENDIX)
C. Durrer de la Sota, A. Gethin, C. Martínez-Toledano
URL
Political conflict, social inequality and electoral cleavages in Central-Eastern Europe, 1990-2018
A. Lindner, F. Novokmet, T. Piketty, T. Zawisza
URL
Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014
A. Banerjee, A. Gethin, T. Piketty
URL
Social Inequality and the Dynamics of Political and Ethnolinguistic Divides in Pakistan, 1970-2018
A. Gethin, S. Mehmood, T. Piketty
URL
Political Cleavages and the Representation of Social Inequalities in Japan, 1953-2017
A. Gethin
URL
Democratization and the Construction of Class Cleavages in Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, 1992-2019
A. Gethin, T. Jenmana
URL
Inequality, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, 1996-2016
C. Durrer de la Sota, A. Gethin
URL
Democracy and the Politicization of Inequality in Brazil, 1989-2018
A. Gethin, M. Morgan
URL
Democracy and the Politicization of Inequality in Brazil, 1989-2018 (APPENDIX)
A. Gethin, M. Morgan
URL
Social Inequalities, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru, 1952-2019
O. Barrera, A. Leiva, C. Martínez-Toledano, A. Zúñiga-Cordero
URL
Social Inequalities, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru, 1952-2019" (APPENDIX)
O. Barrera, A. Leiva, C. Martínez-Toledano, A. Zúñiga-Cordero
URL
Extreme Inequality and the Structure of Political Cleavages in South Africa, 1994-2019
A. Gethin
URL
Social Inequalities and the Politicization of Ethnic Cleavages in Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal, 1999-2019
J. Baleyte, A. Gethin, Y. Govind, T. Piketty
URL
Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949-2019
Y. Berman
URL
Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities in Algeria, Iraq, and Turkey, 1990-2019
L. Assouad, A. Gethin, T. Piketty, J. Uraz
URL
Building the World Political Cleavages and Inequality Database: A New Dataset on Electoral Behaviors in 50 Democracies, 1948-2020
A. Gethin, C. Martínez-Toledano, T. Piketty
URL
Other resources
World Inequality Database URL
Comparative Study of Electoral Systems URL
Comparative National Elections Project URL
Afrobarometer URL
Asian Barometer URL
Latin American Public Opinion Project URL
European Social Survey URL
Eurobarometers URL
World Values Survey URL
International Social Mobility and Politics File URL
Manifesto Project URL
British Election Study URL
American National Election Studies URL
German Federal Election Studies URL
Norwegian Election Studies URL
Danish Election Study URL
Swedish National Election Studies URL
Finnish Voter Barometers URL
New Zealand Election Study URL
Australian Election Study URL
Canadian Election Study URL
Italian National Election Studies URL
Spanish CIS Election Surveys URL
Irish National Election Study URL
Belgian National Election Studies URL
Dutch Parliamentary Election Studies URL
Swiss Election Study URL
Austrian National Election Study URL
India CSDS-Lokniti National Election Studies URL
Japanese Social Science Data Archive URL
Brazil CESOP - Centro de Estudos de Opinião Pública URL
Israel National Election Studies URL
Website created in 2021
Web development, Design, Visualisation:
Aliquidstudio (Benjamin Grillet)
Funders:
World Inequality Lab, Imperial College London Business School, Columbia Business School